The United Nations (UN) is an organization whose primary purpose is to prevent events that affect international society through different mechanisms, taking as a reference what happened in the Holocaust. Within that United Nations system, the Security Council is the institution in charge of ensuring international peace and security, for this reason it tried to bring together an important representation within the members who have the right to veto and stay on the Council. At present, France, the United Kingdom, Russia, the United States and China are permanent members of the Security Council.  In this sense, the Charter of the United Nations provides the following: 

 

Article 23

The Security Council shall be composed of fifteen members of the United Nations. The Republic of China, France, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and the United States of America shall be permanent members of the Security Council. The General Assembly shall elect ten additional Members of the United Nations to serve as non-permanent members of the Security Council, paying special attention, first of all, to the contribution of the Members of the United Nations to the maintenance of international peace and security and to the other purposes of the Organization, as well as an equitable geographical distribution.

The non-permanent members of the Security Council shall be elected for a period of two years. In the first election of non-permanent members held after the number of members of the Security Council has been increased from eleven to fifteen, two of the four new members shall be elected for a period of one year. The outgoing members will not be re-eligible for the subsequent term. Each member of the Security Council will have a representative.

Article 24

In order to ensure prompt and effective action by the United Nations, its Members confer on the Security Council the primary responsibility for maintaining international peace and security, and recognize that the Security Council acts on their behalf in carrying out the functions that imposes that responsibility on him.

In the performance of these functions, the Security Council shall proceed in accordance with the Purposes and Principles of the United Nations. The powers granted to the Security Council for the performance of said functions are defined in Chapters VI, VII, VIII and XII.

The Security Council shall present to the General Assembly for its consideration annual reports and, when necessary, special reports.

Article 25

The Members of the United Nations agree to accept and carry out the decisions of the Security Council in accordance with this Charter.

Article 26

In order to promote the establishment and maintenance of international peace and security with the least possible diversion of the world's human and economic resources towards armaments, the Security Council will be responsible, with the assistance of the Military Staff Committee, to referred to in Article 1, the preparation of plans to be submitted to the Members of the United Nations for the establishment of a system of regulation of armaments.

Article 27

Each member of the Security Council shall have one vote. Decisions of the Security Council on procedural matters shall be taken by the affirmative vote of nine members. Decisions of the Security Council on all other questions will be taken by the affirmative vote of nine members, including the affirmative votes of all permanent members; but in decisions made under Chapter VI and paragraph 3 of Article 52, the party to a controversy shall abstain from voting.

Article 28

The Security Council will be organized so that it can function continuously. To this end, each member of the Security Council shall have his representative at the headquarters of the Organization at all times. The Security Council shall hold periodic meetings in which each of its members may, if it so wishes, be represented by a member of its Government or by another specially designated representative. The Security Council may hold meetings in any place, outside the headquarters of the Organization, that it deems most appropriate to facilitate its work.

Article 29

The Security Council may establish the subsidiary bodies it deems necessary for the performance of its functions.

Article 30

The Security Council will issue its own regulations, which will establish the method of electing its President.

Article 31

Any Member of the United Nations that is not a member of the Security Council may participate without the right to vote in the discussion of any matter brought before the Security Council when the latter considers that the interests of that Member are affected in a special way.

Article 32

The Member of the United Nations that does not have a seat on the Security Council or the State that is not a Member of the United Nations, if it is a party to a controversy that the Security Council is considering, will be invited to participate without the right to vote in the discussions related to said controversy. The Security Council shall establish the conditions it deems fair for the participation of States that are not Members of the United Nations.